The proposed study examines the relationship between problems of population growth, poverty, and food insecurity in the northeastern region of Nigeria in Borno, Yobe, Adamawa, Bauchi, Taraba, and Gombe states. The research employs a mixed-methods approach: it employs both the regression analysis of quantitative data as well as qualitative interviews to see that these socio-economic problems happen to be highly interlocked, in such a way that the latter form a vicious circle that cripples the process of regional development. The results show that high population growth that is through high fertility rates and lack of access to family planning places a lot of pressure on the already scarce resources that increase poverty levels and food insecurity. More specifically, the paper finds that one of the key factors contributing to food insecurity in the area is high household size and poverty. In addition, other factors such as the old type of farming system, insecurity and climatic change also aggravate the situation making it difficult to have sustainable food production. The socio-political conditions contributing to the enhanced susceptibility of the region to food shortage that are noted in the study are insurgency and poor infrastructure. In reaction to such findings, this study recommends a multi-sectoral policy that will achieve the causes of these interrelated problems. Some important policy recommendations are that access to family planning and education should be widened to control population growth, agricultural productivity needs to be increased by use of modern methods and infrastructure, economic opportunities should be enhanced through vocational training and micro finance schemes, and social safety nets also need to be strengthened to cater to vulnerable persons. The study also points to the necessity of security measures to stabilize the region so that it is possible to repatriate the displaced people, and also to secure agriculture areas against insurgency. The results of this research can be used in the field of food security, poverty, and population dynamics, as its potential can be combined into a complete pattern of solving these problems in northeastern Nigeria. The paper has concluded that concerted sustained policy action that appreciates the dependence nature of these socio-economic factors is the only way to make these changes.