The Cold War era, spanning from the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, marked a defining epoch in international relations. The bipolar structure of global politics, constituted by the ideological rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, reshaped diplomatic, economic, military, and cultural landscapes across continents. This research paper explores the evolution of world politics under the influence of bipolarity, tracing how superpower competition permeated regional conflicts, shaped global institutions, and ultimately engendered transitions toward unipolarity and multipolar visions in the post–Cold War phase. By examining key events and ideological frameworks, the paper underscores how bipolarity influenced both international cooperation and confrontation, and how its eventual dissolution reconfigured global power dynamics. The analysis situates the Cold War not merely as a binary confrontation but as a transformative period that laid the foundation for contemporary global politics, highlighting the enduring legacies of its structural patterns and policy paradigms.