Islam places significant emphasis on the welfare of orphans. Children who experience the unexpected loss of a parent often undergo psychological trauma, with their future prospects becoming uncertain. These children frequently encounter difficulties in meeting even their basic needs. Consequently, Islam exhorts its followers to provide care for orphans, enabling them to experience a life comparable to that of other children. However, the extent of concern within the Muslim community for orphans remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether Islamic guidelines on orphan care are being implemented, specifically examining whether orphaned children are entrusted to their next of kin or reside in orphanages with rights equivalent to those of other children. To achieve the objectives of this study, an orphanage in the Eravur area of Batticaloa District was examined. Interviews were conducted with children residing in the orphanage and the institution's administrators. The research identified challenges faced by orphaned children and difficulties in managing orphanage institutions. This study analyses these issues and proposes potential solutions.