The study explores the differences between traditional education (TE) and competence-oriented education (COE) from the perspective of students enrolled in pedagogical disciplines at Burgas State University “Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov.” In the context of Bulgarian educational modernization, COE is increasingly recognized as a dynamic alternative to the static and authoritarian methods of TE. The research employs a qualitative survey with open-ended questions, allowing 32 students from preschool and primary school pedagogy programs to freely express their opinions after completing the course “Development of scientific and social competences.” The findings reveal that TE is perceived as centralized, theoretical, and focused on rote memorization, with limited practical application, weak dialogue, and low motivation. In contrast, COE is associated with flexibility, active participation, critical thinking, project-based learning, and the acquisition of lasting skills relevant to real-life situations. Students emphasize the role of the teacher as a facilitator who encourages collaboration, dialogue, and creativity. Criticisms of the current Bulgarian system include excessive theoretical training, outdated methods, lack of digitalization, insufficient attention to mental health, and an overloaded schedule that negatively affects motivation and well-being. The study concludes that a systemic transformation is necessary, shifting from formal, authoritarian practices toward a competence-oriented model that ensures sustainable development, higher motivation, and better preparation of young people for professional and civic life.