Against the backdrop of profound global digital transformation, the digital economy is emerging as a novel engine driving economic growth and bolstering national competitiveness. This study aims to elucidate the role of the digital economy in Vietnam's economic growth within the digital era, while simultaneously analyzing the critical prerequisites required to translate technological potential into substantive and sustainable developmental momentum. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, this research conducts documentary analysis, synthesis, and interpretation of secondary data derived from the guidelines and policies of the Party and State, reports from international organizations, statistical data, and domestic and foreign scholarly works published between 2020 and 2025. The analytical findings indicate that the digital economy is fundamentally altering the nature of growth determinants, transitioning from a model reliant on capital, natural resources, and low-cost labor to one driven by knowledge, data, and innovation. Furthermore, the study affirms that a digital institutional framework serves as a vital prerequisite, while digital human capital acts as the decisive factor governing the transmissibility of technology into sustainable economic growth. Based on these insights, several policy implications are proposed to effectively leverage the role of the digital economy for Vietnam's economic growth in the current period.