Environmental crises caused by global climate change are making migration movements increasingly visible and unavoidable. Rising sea levels, desertification, droughts, and floods are forcing millions of people to leave their homes (Biermann & Boas, 2010). In this context, individuals referred to as “environmental migrants” or “climate refugees” remain in a definitional and legal vacuum under international law (McAdam, 2012). The 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention covers only those fleeing persecution based on “race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion,” and excludes individuals displaced for environmental reasons (UNHCR, 2020). Consequently, climate change-induced migration surpasses the limits of existing refugee law and highlights the urgent need for new normative frameworks. In recent years, international texts such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have begun acknowledging the impact of climate change on migration (Bodansky, 2016). However, these documents fall short of providing direct legal protection for environmental migrants. The International Organization for Migration (IOM, 2022) stresses that environmental migration must be addressed not only as a humanitarian issue but also from the perspectives of security, development, and human rights. This article examines the protection gaps faced by environmental migrants in international law, evaluates existing frameworks, and proposes potential solutions. It argues that protecting environmental migrants on the basis of human rights aligns with the principles of climate justice and global responsibility (Betts, 2013).