The fiction of Aravind Adiga offers a penetrating critique of contemporary Indian society shaped by globalization, capitalism, and rapid urban transformation. Rather than celebrating modernity as progress, Adiga exposes it as fractured, uneven, and ethically destabilizing. This research article examines how Adiga represents modernity as a site of contradiction and moral uncertainty, focusing on the lived experiences of individuals positioned at the margins of India’s economic growth. Through a close analysis of The White Tiger, Last Man in Tower, and Selection Day, the study argues that Adiga constructs modernity as a system that erodes traditional moral frameworks without offering viable ethical alternatives. His protagonists operate within exploitative structures that compel them to adopt morally ambiguous strategies for survival and success. By situating Adiga’s fiction within postcolonial debates on modernity, ethics, and development, this article demonstrates how his narratives challenge dominant discourses of progress and reveal the human cost of India’s transformation into a globalized nation. Ultimately, Adiga’s fiction portrays modern India as a space of fractured realities where moral ambiguity becomes an inevitable consequence of social and economic inequality.