Today's societies are increasingly shaped with ethnic, cultural and religious diversity. This diversity has prepared the ground for the rise of identity policy and the spread of multicultural policies. Identity policy means that individuals make political demands through the ethnic, cultural or social groups to which they belong; Multiculturalism is a social model that encourages the combination of different cultural identities. In this context, the question of whether these approaches are the tools that strengthen social integration, or whether the dynamics that deepen social separation are important. In this article, the relationship between identity politics and multiculturalism is examined; The effects of these two cases on social integration and separation are evaluated through literature screening. In the article, the application results of multicultural policies are analyzed by the examples of Western Europe, Canada and Türkiye, and the effects of identity politics on democratic representation, social conflict and social harmony are discussed. The study reveals how identity -based demands are managed in multicultural societies is decisive in terms of social peace and stability.