This study analyzed the effect of exchange rate volatility on Nigeria’s agricultural exports using annual time series data spanning 1986 to 2024. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was applied for the analysis. The Bounds test for cointegration established a long-run relationship among the variables. Long-run results showed a significant negative impact of the exchange rate on agricultural exports. In the short run, the exchange rate had an immediate negative and significant effect, while lagged exchange rates exhibited a significant positive impact. The study also identified that agricultural land, labor force, machinery, bank loans to agriculture, and global agricultural commodity prices positively and significantly affect agricultural exports, whereas oil prices exert a significant negative influence. Based on these results, the study recommends that the government adopt policies to stabilize the exchange rate to boost the performance of Nigeria’s agricultural sector.