This study investigates the relationship between inflation and food prices in Nigeria, specifically examining how these factors influence food security across various socio-economic groups. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines statistical analysis of inflationary trends, food price fluctuations, and household food security data from both rural and urban Nigerian populations. The findings indicate that inflation has a significant positive correlation with food prices, thereby exacerbating food insecurity, especially among low-income households. The paper discusses policy interventions that can mitigate inflationary effects, enhance food security, and reduce the vulnerability of marginalized groups.