This study explores the role of agricultural output in fostering sustainable development in Nigeria, examining the interplay between agriculture, economic growth, food security, and environmental sustainability. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the challenges and opportunities within the agricultural sector, using data from credible sources like the Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics. Findings suggest that while agriculture remains pivotal in poverty reduction, food security, and employment, it faces numerous challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, climate change effects, and policy inefficiencies. The study proposes solutions such as climate-smart agriculture, improved rural infrastructure, and institutional reforms to enhance agricultural productivity and resilience.