This study aims to examine the social and economic drivers of violent crime in South Africa, with a particular focus on how poverty and unemployment contribute to the prevalence of violent property crimes. By unpacking the structural and socio-economic factors influencing criminal behavior, the study seeks to provide evidence-based insights to inform policy, policing, and community interventions. South Africa continues to experience high levels of violent crime, which undermine social cohesion, economic development, and public safety. Existing research indicates that socio-economic inequality, poverty, and unemployment are major contributing factors, yet there is limited integrated analysis of how these drivers interact with community structures and criminal justice challenges. This gap hampers the development of targeted interventions that address the root causes of violent crime. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of crime and socio-economic data (2020–2025) with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in high-crime communities. This systematic approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of both statistical trends and lived experiences, highlighting the interplay between poverty, unemployment, and violent crime. The study contributes to academic knowledge by integrating Strain Theory, Social Disorganization Theory, and Routine Activity Theory to analyze the complex socio-economic drivers of violent crime. It provides updated empirical evidence on the relationship between poverty, unemployment, and crime, offering practical recommendations for policymakers, law enforcement, community organizations, and the private sector. Poverty and unemployment are significant drivers of violent crime, particularly among youth and marginalized communities. Historical inequalities and structural marginalization exacerbate crime prevalence in high-risk areas. Weak community cohesion and inadequate policing increase the opportunities for violent property crime. Integrated interventions combining socio-economic development, effective policing, and community engagement are essential for sustainable crime reduction. This study underscores the importance of addressing the socio-economic roots of violent crime in South Africa. By providing a multi-dimensional understanding of how poverty, unemployment, and inequality interact with community and criminal justice dynamics, the research informs holistic and evidence-based strategies to reduce violent crime, enhance public safety, and promote social and economic development.