Police leadership is a critical determinant of organisational effectiveness, particularly in complex policing environments characterised by high crime levels, public scrutiny, resource constraints, governance challenges and increasing demands for professional and accountable policing. In South Africa, concerns about police performance have increasingly raised questions about the extent to which leadership accountability, professionalisation, ethical conduct and governance contribute to the effectiveness of the South African Police Service (SAPS). This study examines the relationship between police leadership and organisational performance in South Africa, with particular attention to leadership accountability, professionalisation, governance and organisational culture. The problem addressed by the study is that, despite extensive governance structures, policing policies and professionalisation initiatives, SAPS continues to experience organisational and performance challenges. These include weaknesses in accountability, leadership instability, organisational culture, management practices and the implementation of corrective measures. The study therefore seeks to understand whether and how leadership practices contribute to or constrain effective policing. The purpose of the study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of SAPS managers regarding the influence of leadership accountability, professionalisation, governance and ethical leadership on organisational performance and effective service delivery. A qualitative research approach will be employed within an interpretivist paradigm, using a phenomenological research design. Approximately 15–20 purposively selected SAPS managers and senior officials will participate in semi-structured interviews. Data will be audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti 2023, following Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach to thematic analysis. Trustworthiness will be established through credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability, while ethical approval, informed consent, confidentiality and secure data management will be maintained. The anticipated key findings are that effective police leadership is likely to be associated with stronger accountability, professional conduct, organisational commitment and improved performance. Conversely, weak leadership accountability, leadership instability, inconsistent consequence management, organisational culture challenges and inadequate governance may constrain effective policing. The study further anticipates that organisational culture will influence the relationship between leadership and performance. The study concludes that effective policing requires more than leadership structures or policies; it requires competent, ethical, accountable and professional leadership capable of translating policy, resources and organisational strategies into operational results. Strengthening leadership accountability, professionalisation, governance and organisational culture is therefore essential to improving SAPS organisational performance, public confidence and effective service delivery.

South Africa continues to face one of the highest levels of violent crime globally, characterised by increasing incidents of murder, organised crime, gender-based violence, extortion, illegal firearms, corruption, cybercrime and attacks on critical infrastructure. Despite substantial investments in policing, public confidence in the South African Police Service (SAPS) has deteriorated because of operational inefficiencies, allegations of corruption, political interference, inadequate leadership, resource constraints and declining institutional legitimacy. The recently introduced SAPS Reset Agenda represents a significant policy intervention aimed at restoring professionalism, strengthening accountability, rebuilding public trust and improving crime prevention through integrated partnerships, intelligence-led policing and community participation. This study critically examines the SAPS Reset Agenda as a strategic framework for institutional reform within South Africa's policing environment. The study seeks to evaluate whether the Reset Agenda provides a sustainable roadmap for rebuilding police legitimacy, organisational accountability and public confidence while strengthening crime prevention and service delivery. Particular attention is given to the Agenda's emphasis on accountability, integrity, professionalism, intelligence-led policing, intergovernmental collaboration and community partnerships. The study adopts a systematic literature review methodology guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) framework. Peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, commission reports, policy documents and publications from international organisations including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, Institute for Security Studies (ISS Africa) and South African Police Service were systematically reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the findings of the Zondo Commission, the Khampepe Commission, the Madlanga Commission and recent crime statistics to assess the effectiveness of police reform initiatives. The findings demonstrate that while the SAPS Reset Agenda provides a comprehensive policy framework aligned with international policing standards, successful implementation will depend upon ethical leadership, institutional independence, improved accountability mechanisms, adequate resourcing, professional development, intelligence-driven policing and strengthened partnerships between government and communities. Persistent structural weaknesses including corruption, political interference, resource shortages, fragmented intelligence systems and declining public trust continue to undermine police effectiveness. The study concludes that meaningful police reform requires more than policy pronouncements. Sustainable transformation demands measurable implementation, transparent governance, continuous performance monitoring, investment in human capital and community-centred policing approaches that reinforce democratic accountability. The SAPS Reset Agenda presents an important opportunity to reposition SAPS as a professional, ethical and trusted institution capable of improving public safety and strengthening constitutional democracy in South Africa.

The coherent study treasured the relationship between Training and Job Performance of Primary school teachers in Kasese District in Western Uganda. The research study engaged a cross-sectional and descriptive research design with qualitative paradigm. The academics used purposive sampling strategies to choose the reading materials for the research project study. A sample of 20 resources was selected from three Primary Schools for the purposes of carrying out a reasonable study. Data was garnered using documentary reviews and scrutinized utilizing content and thematic examination. The study findings revealed that Training significantly influences Job Performance of Teachers in primary schools in Kasese District. The study concluded that Employee training is a vital human capital investment that has a direct, positive impact on individual job performance and overall organizational productivity. From the study findings, the researchers recommended that Local Governments in the cosmos need to improve Goal Setting and Career Pathways using clear goal-setting frameworks and career development opportunities to boost teacher motivation, self-confidence, and job satisfaction. There is need to as well provide Adequate Instructional Resources by supplying teachers with necessary teaching tools, gender-responsive materials, and digital aids to make training practical in actual classrooms. Finally, enhancing Remuneration and Welfare by combining training initiatives with better pay and incentives to reduce teacher turnover and maintaining high morale can help improve the standards of Education in the world.

This research investigated the perspectives of tertiary institution students in Abia State regarding violent acts depicted in Nollywood films, focusing specifically on the Umuahia South Local Government Area. The study was structured around five research objectives that addressed students' exposure to violence, their attitudes toward it, the perceived impact of violent content on the acceptance of violence, the connection between viewing frequency and attitudes, as well as perceived gender differences in responses to media violence. A quantitative research methodology and descriptive survey design were employed, with a sample of 300 students selected from local tertiary institutions. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire featuring 15 items rated on a four-point Likert scale: Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The results revealed a significant level of exposure to violent content, with 70% of participants strongly agreeing that they often watched Nollywood films that included violent actions. Additionally, many respondents believed that regular exposure to violent scenes could affect students’ acceptance and understanding of violence. The study also highlighted perceived gender differences in attitudes toward violence among male and female students. It concluded that depictions of violence in Nollywood films can shape students’ perceptions and attitudes, especially when such acts are portrayed as acceptable, heroic, or justifiable.